CHEMISTRY OF METALS AND ORES..

• Ore is a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted profitably.
• Metallurgy is the process of extracting metal in a pure state on a large scale from its ore by physical and chemical means.
• Gerog Agricola is author of De re Metallica, and important early book on metal extraction.
• Gangue is the impurity present in the ore.
• Calcination is the process of heating the ore below its melting point in the absence of air to remove volatile impurities like Arsenic.
• Roasting is the process in which the ore is heated below its melting point in the presence of air to oxidize the impurities. Eg: carbon, sulphur etc removed as their gaseous oxides.

Metal		Ore
Aluminum	………………..	Bauxite
Antimony	………………..	Stibnite
Barium	………………..	Barite
Calcium	………………..	Gypsum, Limestone, dolomite, Fluorspar
Chromium	………………..	Chromite
Copper	………………..	Copper pyrites, copper glance, Malchite
Gold	………………..	Calverite
Iron	………………..	Heamatite, Magnetite, Iron Pyrites
Lead	………………..	Galena, Litharge, Cerussite
Lithium	………………..	Petalite, Lepidolite
Magnesium	………………..	Magnesite
Manganese	………………..	Pyrolusite
Mercury	………………..	Cinnabar
Nickel	………………..	Garnierite, Pentlandite
Potassium	………………..	Carnallite, Sylvine kainite
Silver	………………..	Argentite, Pyrargyrite, Stephanite, Born silver, Cinnabar
Sodium	………………..	Rock Salt
Thorium	………………..	Monozite
Tin	………………..	Cassiterite
Titanium	………………..	Rutile
Uranium	………………..	Pitch blend, Carnotite
Zinc	………………..	Zinc blend, Calamine, Zincite, Sphalerite