Borrowed Features of Indian Constitution

Following are the borrowed features of constitution from different countries such as United Kingdom, United States of America, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Japan, Russia , Italy etc

Nominal Head – President (like Queen) Cabinet System of Ministers Post of Prime Minister and Functions Parliamentary type of Government Bicameral Parliament More powerful Lower House Council of Ministers responsible to Lower House Speaker in Lok Sabha	U.K.
Concept of Written Constitution Fundamental Rights Executive head of state as President Vice- President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha Supreme Court Provision of States Independence of Judiciary and judicial review The Preamble Amendment of Constitution Removal of Supreme court and High court Judges	U.S.A
Fundamental Duties Five year Plan	USSR
Directive Principles of State Policy Method of election of President Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the President	IRELAND
Concurrent list Language of the preamble Freedom of trade and commerce	AUSTRALIA
Formation of alternative government	ITALY
Scheme of federation with a strong centre Single Citizenship Distribution of powers between centre and the states and placing. Residuary Powers with the centre	CANADA
Procedure Established by Law	JAPAN
Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency	GERMANY